AUTISM DISORDERS
Autistic Disorder A. Basic Concepts or Understanding Autime Autism is a term derived from the Greek; "aut" = self ism orientation or state = orientation or circumstances. So autism can be interpreted as one's condition which unreasonably focused on himself; conditionssomeone who is always in a world of their own.The term "autism" was first introduced by Leo Kanner in 1943, then he also uses the term "Early Infantile Autism", or translated as "childhood autism". This is to distinguish from adults who show symptoms of autism such as this.Autism is a developmental disorder in children that are complex and heavy, typically have been seen before the age of 3 years, unable to communicate and express their feelings andwishes. As a result, behavior and relationships with other people being disturbed, so the situation will greatly influence the subsequent development of the child.Autism can affect anyone regardless of ethnicity, education level, social and economic. Autism is not a new problem, from a variety of evidence,This disorder has been known to exist since centuriespast. It's just that the term is relatively new. Estimated that approximately 15 years ago, autism is a disorder that is rarely found, only an estimated 2-4 with autism. But now an increasing number of people with autism to approximately 15-20 per 10,000 children. If the number of births per year 4.6 million children, the number of people with autism per year will increase by 0.15% ie 6900 children.
B. Causes of AutismSeveral years ago, the cause of autism is still a mystery merupkan, NII therefore many developing hypotheses about the causes of autism. One hypothesis that later gained wide response is the theory of "the cool mom". According to this theory say that the child into his own world because of feeling rejected by a cold mother. The theory is widely opposed because many mothers are warmer still have children who enunjukkan characteristics of autism. Theory does not give the exact picture, so this result is given less precise handling, sometimes opposite and result in less favorable for individual developments autism.Advances in science and technology, especially in the medical field lately been informed individuals with autism disorder neurobiological abnormalities in the central nervous system. These abnormalities in the form of growth of brain cells that are not perfect in some parts of the brain. Impaired growth of brain cells, occurs during pregnancy, especially young pregnant which brain cells were formed.Examination with a special tool called a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain damage characteristic is found in the brain in the area of what is called the limbic system (emotional center). In general, individuals with autism can not control his emotions, often aggressive towards others and oneself, or very passive as if it did not have any emotion. In addition it appears Similarly repetitive behaviors (stereotypies) and hyperactivity. Both behavior is closely related to a disturbance in the area of the limbic system in the brain.
There are some allegations that causes damage to the brain that lead to autism disorders among the excessive growth of Candida yeast in the gut. From too many mushrooms, the secretion of enzymes into the intestine is reduced. Lack of enzymes causes food can not be digested properly. Some proteins if not completely digested will be "Poison" to the body. Protein is usually a chain consisting of 20 amino acids.When digestion is good, then the whole chain can be disconnected and the 20 amino acids will be absorbed by the body. However, when digestion is not good, then there are several chains of amino acids that have not been disconnected. The circuit consists of several amino acids called peptides. Due to leakage of the intestine, the peptides are absorbed through the intestinal wall, enter the bloodstream, penetrate into the brain.Peptide in the brain is captured by the receptoroploid, and it serves as opium or morphine. The abundance of substances that act like opiates into the brain can affect the central nervous system work. Usually impaired as perception, cognition (intelligence), emotions, and behavior. Where symptoms are similar to those that exist in individuals with autism.
Of course there are other allegations that give rise keruskan the brain as the lead, mercury or other toxic substances are ingested with the food consumed by pregnant women, which in turn affects the brain development of the fetus. Whatever the underlying cause of the disorder in individuals with autism, which is obviously not because frigit mothers (women who did not give the warmth of affection), as adopted previously, but impaired in autism occurs closely associated with disturbances in the brain.
C. Characteristics of autismCharacteristics of the disorder of autism in some individuals have started to emerge as a baby. traits that really stood out was no eye contact and a very minimal reaction to her mother. characteristic is more obvious with age. On the other fraction of individuals with autism, their development has occurred. "Relatively normal". By the time the baby was staring, raving, and simply show the reaction of others, but then at some point before the age of three years he stopped growing and setbacks. He began refusing eye contact, stop babbling and do not react each others.
Therefore, it was then discovered that someone had said to have autism disorders, if he has a developmental disorder in three aspects, namely the quality of social interaction and emotional skills, qualities lacking in the ability of mutual communication, and restricted interests with repetitive movements characteristic aimless these features must be visible before the child 3 years old. Given that the three aspects of developmental disorders in the manifest in many different forms, it can be concluded that autism
is actually a set of symptoms / traits melatar-backs were highly variable factors, related to one another and unique because it is not the same for each child. Thus, the common traits that overlap with several other developmental disorders. Gradient manifestation of disorder is also very wide between the heavy to light. On the one hand there are individuals who have all the symptoms, and on the other hand there are individuals who have little symptoms. The features of the disorder in autism consume is ah as follows:
1. Disruptions in communications- Too late to talk, there is no attempt to communicate with the movement and expression- Babbling in a language that can not be understood by others- Often repeating what others are saying- Imitating sentences advertisements or singing without understanding- Talking is not used for communication- If the words had been spoken, he does not understand the meaning- Do not understand the speech of others- Attract other people's hands when wanting something
2. Impairments in social interaction- Avoiding or refusing eye contact- Do not want to see when it is invoked- More cool to play alone- When invited to play even away- Unable to feel empathy
3. Disturbances in behavior- Fun to play alone- Do not care about the environment- Do not want to set, arbitrarily- Self-harm- Daydreaming, staring with blank eyes- Attachment to certain objects- The behavior is not guided, walking aimlessly, running, climbing climb, spinning, jumping, flapping hands, shouting, walking on tiptoe.
4. Disturbances in emotion- A fear of the actual object is not scary- Laughing, crying, getting angry without cause- Can not control the emotions; angry when does not get his
5. Disturbances in sensory or sensing- Licking objects- Kissing objects or food- Covered their ears when they hear a loud noise with a certain tone- Does not like to wear clothes with rough materials
These characteristics are also often accompanied by the inability to play, such as not using a toy according to function, spontaneous and less able to play imaginative, unable to imitate others, and difficult to play pretend. Eating disorders such as; very picky in terms of food menu, there tends to be a problem in digestion or very limited intake, and sleep disorders such as trouble falling asleep or wake up in the night and various other issues.
A. Handling a child with autism is intended primarily to reduce or eliminate the interference problem behavior, improving learning and development primarily in the mastery of language and self-help skills.So that goal is reached by both needed a comprehensive and integrated treatment program in a team consisting of; medical personnel such as a neurologist and pediatricians, educators, staff therapist as speech therapists and occupational therapists. Several treatment has developed to help children with autismamong others;
1. Behavior TherapyDifferent types of behavioral therapies have been developed to educatepersons with autism, unusual behavior and replace with unacceptable behavior that communities This therapy is very important to help people with autism to be more misfits in society.
2. Speech therapySpeech therapy is often still needed to facilitate language child. Applying speech therapy pasda autistic children is different than the other kids.Therefore we need a fairly deep knowledge about the disorderspeech in children with autism.
3. Special needs educationEducation at an early stage applied one teacher for one child. This method is mosteffective because the child is difficult to concentrate in a large class.Gradually the children included in the class to be able to followclassical learning. The use of teacher aide should nottoo dominant, which is expected to be a child with autism disorderscontinuous learning with other children in a learningtogether. Structured pattern of education both at school and at homeindispensable for this child. They should be trained to be independent, especiallyabout self help. So the whole family in the home had to wear the same patternIn order not to confuse the child.
4. Occupational therapy
Some individuals with autism have impaired motor development, fine motor particularly unfavorable. Given occupational therapy to help strengthen, improve coordination and smooth muscle skills like hand. Important finger muscles are trained especially for the preparation of writing and performing any work that requires fine motor skills.
5. Medical treatment (drugs)In certain circumstances individuals with autism disorders have some of the symptoms that accompany autism disorders, such as aggressive behavior or hyperactivity. In individuals with such circumstances it is recommended to use provision of drugs appropriately. The use of drugs that are used commonly done carefully in order to obtain a positive influence on a child's development.
Autism is a complex developmental disorder, which has recently increased in number. Autism is not a contagious disease and harm others around it.
We need to realize the importance of early recognition and treatment for children's development. Handling integrated early will help children more than ever ready to follow jointly education of children in general.
